This book provides an understanding of the complex issues surrounding plastic waste management, including environmental challenges, risks associated with microplastic contamination, and the detection of micro- and nano-plastics. The book explores conventional and emerging technological solutions for plastic waste management, such as reusing, recycling, pyrolysis, and heterogeneous catalysis while also considering alternative approaches like biochar and microbe-based degradation that foster a holistic perspective on the transition towards a circular plastics economy.