New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2014. This book examines the question of whether languages can differ in grammatical complexity and, if so, how relative complexity differences might be measured. Chapters investigate a number of key issues in grammatical complexity, taking phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic considerations into account. These include what is often called the 'trade-off problem', namely whether complexity in one grammatical component is necessarily balanced by simplicity in another.