New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2019. Describing how and why peace was established and then fell apart, Mandelbaum argues that peace ended because three important countries - Vladimir Putin's Russia in Europe, Xi Jinping's China in East Asia, and the Shia clerics' Iran in the Middle East - put an end to it with aggressivenationalist policies aimed at overturning the prevailing political arrangements in their respective regions.