Producing knowledge is not just about producing research; it is also about teaching, about helping others improve their work, and about communicating information to the public. This book examines how faculty in the social and behavioral sciences do all these activities. The book draws on surveys of working academics in two major disciplines to explain how, when, and why different scholars teach, research, and provide service to their home institutions and far-flung professional communities. In the process, the findings help to document and explain long-standing inequalities by race and gender in academia.