This Handbook documents cross-cutting trends relating to elite higher education and massification; competing claims of access, accessibility, cost, and quality; credentials vs learning; rankings; new education technologies; and more. From the Contents: 30:Japan: The Changing Role of Higher Education for Nation-Building (Akiyoshi Yonezawa); 31:Japan: Challenges in Internationalization of its Higher Education Sector (Miki Sugimura).