Iwao Hirose analyzes the central issues in the ethics of pandemic response and preparedness such as: The general nature of pandemics and the ethics of preparedness; Ethical questions about general goals of pandemic response and preparedness; The distribution of scarce resources, e.g., ventilators, hospital beds, antiviral drugs and vaccines; Restrictions on individual freedom; Ethical questions in the wake of pandemics, including contact-tracing, vaccine passports and socioeconomic inequalities.