This is an expanded and updated version of Itamar Rabinovich's The Lingering Conflict, published by Brookings in 2012. This revised new edition covers the signing of the Abraham Accords, the new policies pursued by the Trump and Biden administrations, the full-fledged Syrian civil war, the heyday of the Islamic State, Russia's military intervention in Syria, the Iranian nuclear drive, and the lengthy domestic political crisis in Israel.