This volume brings together eleven empirical studies that investigate these various modalities of im/politeness across signed, spoken and written languages, plus a detailed introductory chapter that establishes a framework for the multimodal investigation of im/politeness. The papers cover a range of languages and cultures, including Swiss German Sign Language, Catalan Sign Language, English (as a native language and as a lingua franca), Korean, Catalan, Persian, Japanese and Spanish. From the Contents: Chapter 8. Perceptual changes between adults and children for multimodal im/politeness in Japanese (Takaaki Shochi, Albert Rilliard and Donna Erickson).