Drawing on original survey data and rich qualitative sources, this book explores how authoritarian regimes employ the Internet in advantageous ways to direct the flow of online information. The authors argue that the central Chinese government successfully directs citizen dissent toward local government through critical information that the central government places online--a strategy that the authors call directed digital dissidence. In this context, citizens engage in low-level protest toward the local government, and thereby feel empowered, while the central government avoids overthrow. With an in-depth look at the COVID-19 and Xinjiang Cotton cases, the authors demonstrate how the Chinese state employs directed digital dissidence and discuss the impact and limitations of China's information strategy.