New in paperback. Hardcover was published in 2023. This book explores the origins of Japan's protectionist agricultural policies through an in-depth historical analysis of Japanese agricultural policies between the Meiji period and the end of WWII. It argues that protectionist agricultural policy in Japan was not originally generated by the "iron triangle" (a political alliance consisted of the Liberal Democratic Party, the Agricultural Ministry, and farmers' organizations) but by a prewar agricultural bureaucrats' policy idea called shono ron (thoughts on small-scale farming).