This book delves into cutting-edge renal disease research, where rapid developments have illuminated new technologies for diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The book systematically and comprehensively addresses clinical issues related to kidney diseases, where readers can explore topics such as hypoxia-inducible factors and renal anemia, pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, PLA2R antibodies and membranous nephropathy, immune nephropathy treatments using biological agents, renal glucose and energy metabolism, the application of SGLT2 inhibitors, and mechanisms of renal fibrosis.