This book focuses on worldwide historical experiences of monetary reforms and the reformist minds behind them: the money doctors. A money doctor is “a person who, helped by theoretical and practical knowledge, advises and/or proposes to act on how to build a stable monetary and financial system or to repair ongoing monetary turbulences.” Each contribution highlights the theoretical underpinning of the doctors, and the key factors for the success or failures of the reform they have promoted. The book collects cases from Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania from the 16th to the 20th century and discuss their aims, strategies, and consequences to draw implications for today.