This book articulates the traditional Japanese concept of conservation, called Satoyama, for effective management of nature’s goods and services at a community - ecosystem interface in the climate milieu. The term Satoyama refers to socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes, which are mosaics of diverse land uses and ecosystems that have long been shaped through sustainable human interactions with nature. This multilevel study of conservation science, therefore, serves an interdisciplinary academia, consistent with conventions on climate change, biodiversity and sustainable development, to establish links between conservation priorities and development objectives.